Skill Subject: X-Ray Technician

A X-ray Technician creates X-ray images of parts of human body to help physicians diagnose and treat various illnesses and injuries as accurately as possible. Individuals at this job need to create X-ray images of parts of the human body using radiographic equipment under the guidance and supervision of Radiologist. They explain medical imaging procedure, prepare X-ray room and patient for procedure, operate and maintain X-ray machine, record radiological supplies, prepare report & document under Radiologist’s guidance, maintain records and carry out other administrative jobs as needed in the department.

This job requires individuals to work in a team and in close collaboration with Radiologist. They must be polite and be able to calm and placate upset individuals. They should be able to remain standing for long periods of time and must have strength to transfer and position patients for scans. They should have the capacity to visualize two and three -dimensional spatial.

Part B: Vocational Skills (50 Marks)

Unit 1: Radiological Needs of Patients

1. List out Patient medical history and interpreting conventional radiological needs

• 1. Documentation required in context of medical history of patient, procedures undertaking and reports
• 2. To determine the radiological diagnostic tests required for the patient based on the physician’s prescription and the medical history

2. Register the X-ray requisition after scrutiny.

• 1. Comprehension about essential components of X-ray requisition e.g. name, age, sex, OPD no., referring Doctor, diagnosis and X-ray to be done.

3. Demonstrate the Maintenance and care of X-ray machine, its accessories and dark room equipments

• 1. Basic principles and components of electrical circuits.
• 2. Basic principles or X-ray equipments e.g. X-ray tube, generator and X-ray table
• 3. Acquire the basic knowledge of processing (manual/ auto) process, films, chemicals, cassettes and hangers, etc.
• 4. The basics of the cardio vascular system
• 5. The basics of the respiratory system
  • Basics of the digestive system
  • Basics of the urinary system
  • Basics of the reproductive system
  • Basics of the reproductive system
  • Basics of the musculoskeletal system
  • Basics of the ear, nose, throat and eye
  • Basics of the surface anatomy and surface markings of human body

4. Describe the Correct interpretation of the request made by referring Doctor

• 1. Method of preparation required for various radiological investigations.
• 2. Awareness of contradiction for doing x-ray in cases of child bearing age group of ladies.

5. Demonstrate the Selection of the proper factors (KV and Mass) and proper sized filled according to the patients built and part to be X-rayed and take the x-ray radiograph of
the consent part and process it.

• 1. Radiological anatomy and physiology of the part to be examined.
• 2. Mass and KV and their relationship.
• 3. Various film size.
• 4. Anatomy, physiology and pathology concerning the procedure.
• 5. Correct position of the part during exposure.
• 6. Processing process of manual and automatic processor.

6. To Instruct the patient required.

• 1. Instructions regarding collection of film and or report.

7. Demonstrate Operation the x-ray machine for special investigation with radiologist.

• 1. Sufficient knowledge of special investigations like O.C.G., I,V.P., G.I.T. exam other special investigation

8. Describe the maintenance of proper accounting of fills, chemicals and x-rays equipments and its accessories.

• 1. Registers and records of x-rays films and chemicals. Maintenance and servicing of various x-ray equipments and its accessories.

9. To Maintain the x-ray store and keep records Up to date.

• 1. Register and records to be maintain.
• 2. Should have sufficient knowledge of storage and to keep the record of old x-ray films up to date for any future reference.

10. Describe the Sorting and dispatching of x-ray films.

• 1. Identification of film with requisition form.
• 2. Dispatch the x-ray film in a concerned doctor/ patients.

Unit 2: X-Ray Room for Conventional Radiological Procedure

1. Demonstrating Setting up the equipment to be used.

• 1. Method of preparation required for various radiological investigations.
• 2. Knowledge of radiological anatomy and physiology of the part to be examined.
• 3. Knowledge of mass and KV and their relationship.

2. Describe the safety precautions to protect self, patients, staff and others from exposure to radiation.

• 1. Operate radiographic apparatus required for taking an X-ray scan protect self, patients, departmental staff and public from radiation exposure through use of protection instruments and monitoring personnel and the work area.

Unit 3: Operation of Conventional Radiological Equipment

1. Demonstrate Selection and performing basic views and conventional studies using appropriate radiographic parameters and equipment.

• 1. The basic principles essential for operation of an X-ray machine:
  • X-Ray and related equipment
  • Main electric supply and distribution
  • Diagnostic X-Ray circuits / Exposure timers / AEC etc.
  • Specialized X-Ray generators - high frequency / shared
  • Cassettes / construction / types / care
  • Grid / construction / types / uses
  • Intensifying screens / construction / type / care / uses

2. Demonstrate selection and performing contrast studies using appropriate radiographic parameters and equipment under guidance of radiologist.

• 1. Information of radiographic:
  • Film / construction / type
  • Diagnostic X-Ray tubes (past / present / future)
  • Tube rating and tube supports
  • X-Ray tables stands
  • X-Ray films and film processing
  • Image characteristics
  • Quality assurance
  • Presentation and viewing of radiographs 

3. Conceptualize carrying out routine procedures for troubleshooting and maintenance of imaging and processing systems.

• 1. Principles and practical aspects of X-ray machines
• 2. Pathology of various systems: cardiovascular system, respiratory system, central nervous system, musculoskeletal system, gastro-intestinal tract and reproductive system

Unit 4: Infection Control Policies, Procedures and Hygiene

1. Define infection control risk management

• 1. Infection control risk management plan
• 2. Different infection control process

2. Demonstrate the safe handling, use and disposal of sharp

• 1. Responsibilities for sharp
• 2. Different status of a sharp

3. Demonstrate the reprocessing of reusable medical equipment

• 1. Category of reusable medical equipment
• 2. Cleaning of reusable instrument
• 3. Sterilization of the reusable equipment

4. Demonstrate the process of environment cleaning

• 1. Risk factor
• 2. Cleaning routine

5. Demonstrate good hygiene practice

• 1. Grooming routines to be followed for personal hygiene
• 2. Importance of personal hygiene

6. Identify factors affecting good health

• 1. Factors that affect health and prevent diseases

7. Perform hand washing

• 1. Method of hand washing
• 2. Importance of washing and maintain good hand hygiene

8. Demonstrate personal grooming

• 1. Importance of good appearance and grooming in life and Workplace

Unit 5: Bio Medical Waste Management

1. Demonstrate the knowledge of bio-medical waste management

• 1. Define bio- medical waste
• 2. Enlist the risks involved in poor waste management in hospital
• 3. Importance of hospital waste management with respect to hospital staff and general public
• 4. Explain how bio-medical waste management helps in environment protection
• 5. Enlist the routes of transmission of infection in hospitals

2. Demonstrate the knowledge of the sources and disposal methods of bio-medical waste

• 1. Enlist the sources of bio-medical waste
• 2. Bio medical waste generation in hospital
• 3. Method of disposing off of micro biological and bio technological waste in hospitals

3. Demonstrate the knowledge of segregation, packaging, transportation and storage of bio-medical waste

• 1. Autoclaving and shredding
• 2. Transportation process of bio-medical waste
• 3. Treatment of general waste and bio-medical waste in hospital
• 4. Importance of color coding criteria recommended by WHO

4. Identify the role of personnel involved in waste management

• 1. Functions of hospital waste management committee
• 2. Duties of medical superintendent regarding bio-medical waste management
• 3. Duties of matron in bio-medical waste management
• 4. Importance of training on hospital waste management to different categories of staff in a hospital